One of the essential elements of security is research and development activity, they essentially affect the adaptation elements of the entire state functioning system to the changing relations of forces and threats to its subjectivity. In the article, the authors present the most important elements and determinants of research and development activity in Poland, as part of solutions and institutions contributing to innovation in the field of research development and scientific strategies. As the authors state, they generally play an important role in stimulating the entire state security sector. Their organizational, legal and analytical aspects of the development of scientific research are presented as part of the evolution and adaptation to new challenges, changing economic and political conditions and those directly affecting technological and other changes in the modern world. They contribute to strengthening the functionality of the state, taking into account the specificity of the security sector.