The first international peacekeeping mission of the Polish Army was to ensure compliance with the ceasefire agreement and stabilization after the end of the so-called Korean War. International institutions were established to supervise and control the tasks performed under the provisions of the Armistice Agreement of July 27, 1953, among which an important role is played by, among others, Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission. The authors of the publication examined Poland’s participation in the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission on the Korean Peninsula. Aspects of current challenges and prospects were considered in the context of further involvement of the Republic of Poland in this mission. Nowadays, the Korean Peninsula is a sphere of influence of world military tycoons, where the security situation, despite the end of the Korean War in 1953, is still characterized by a permanent escalation of tensions between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Republic of Korea. The aim of the article is to demonstrate current challenges and prospects for the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, with particular emphasis on Poland’s participation. The research problem was expressed in the question: what factors (including those shaping the security and organization of the mission) may pose a challenge to the functioning of the KNPN, with particular emphasis on Polish participation? The main hypothesis is that the participation of representatives of the Republic of Poland in the KNPN significantly contributes to security in the region. A supplementary hypothesis is the statement that there are factors that significantly interfere with the contribution to peace between the parties to the conflict on the Korean Peninsula. As a result, the article indicates the conditions that constitute the main obstacles to the pursuit of permanent stabilization of the security situation. The authors of the publication base their conclusions on direct and participant observations as well as professional experience, which, in addition to scientific methods, contribute to solving the research problem and achieving the goals of the work. Additionally, informal interviews were conducted with soldiers serving in foreign operations under the aegis of the UN. The research was also carried out using theoretical methods, in particular it was based on the analysis of national legislation, the content of strategic documents of the Republic of Poland and multinational alliance structures, as well as circumstances implying the current security situation in the region of the Korean Peninsula. Based on the results of the conducted research, the authors of the publication conclude that the tensions in the relations between the two countries indicate the justification for continuing the efforts of the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission to monitor and attempt to stabilize the security situation in the border area.