The aim of the article is to present the essence, sources and types of threats with particular characteristics of social and civilization threats. Virtually every sector of human existence carries threats to broadly understood security. Each of them identifies threats (challenges) that may constitute a potential threat of disrupting social development and the economic regime. The main social threats include: social exclusion, homelessness, unemployment, intolerance, and social pathologies. Apart from social threats, threats to civilization are quite often mentioned as serious violations of human safety (including terrorism, threats to human health and the natural environment, human trafficking, crime, etc.).