The aim of the work is to represent the fundamental element of the defence system of the State, such as the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, which is intended for the effective implementation of the security and defence policy. The work explains what armed forces are, a military unit, a military economic unit, which have a significant impact on the proper functioning of the system. In the next section, the author presents the defence resources of the armed forces, broken down by human, financial, information and material resources. Finally, the report highlights the nature of the state’s defence readiness, which determines the ability of the defence system to act in a planned and organised manner in the event of a threat to national security and during war. The article is based on a comprehensive overview of literature and legal acts. Applied research methods include the critical analysis of research literature, the analysis of theoretical studies and other sources and their synthesis. The induction and deduction method was also used. Statistical methods were also used. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the creation of military economic units has improved the functioning of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in the logistical context, in particular through the possibility of separating financial and operational functions in military budgetary units. The functioning of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland has also had a positive impact on the determination of tasks in the various states of the State’s defence readiness, which makes it possible to maintain not only strength but also resources at the most efficient level of performance of assigned defence tasks.