As a consequence of the war in Ukraine, geopolitical shifts have significantly influenced the perception of state security and the role of the armed forces. The Air Defense System of the Republic of Poland has been subjected to a real test under conditions of heightened risk and the need to respond to emerging threats. Dynamic changes in the operational environment determine the ability to effectively adapt to new threats on the contemporary battlefield. An essential component of the air defense command and control system are fighter controllers (air intercept controllers), who direct fighter aviation and execute tasks related to the protection and defense of Polish airspace. The article addresses the issue of the specialized training process of fighter controllers. It presents their role within the air defense system and outlines the structure of the system. The current requirements imposed on the training system for navigation personnel are discussed, and all stages of education and professional development are examined. The aim of the article is to analyze the working environment of fighter controllers and to verify the specialized training process in terms of compliance with existing standards and operational challenges. The research problem is formulated in the following questions: how is the training process for fighter controllers organized, and what directions for change should be adopted? The hypothesis assumes that the training process complies with current standards; however, it requires continuous improvement in terms of adaptation and regular updates of education and training programs to ensure highly qualified personnel for the air defense system. The conducted research verified the entire training process, from the education of officer cadets at the Air Force University to the completion of training and acquisition of all available qualifications. The findings indicate that the current system precisely defines requirements and tasks at each stage. The conclusions identify existing gaps and areas for further improvement in light of current operational conditions.