Irenology and polemology raise a lot of controversy in terms of the usefulness of research results, because their application in social reality is not directly noticed. The results of irenological and polemological research do not directly bring organizational solutions for the functioning of societies, however, they may influence changes in people's mentality and be used to improve the functioning of societies and political beings in coexistence with various political, social and cultural systems. The generalized subject of andrenological-polemological research is perceived as opposites, however, we can also perceive peace and war as cycles of existence of social and political beings. The aim of this article is to present the cognitive assumptions of irenology and polemology in the form of a study of peace and armed conflicts in the aspect of the possibility of using research results to shape the life of societies and states in coexistence. In the research process, a research problem was formulated - to what extent can the results obtained from the research on peace and armed conflicts be useful in social reality? The assumption of the formulated research problem was to maintain the right direction of considerations, because its decidability is unattainable. In the research process, a qualitative research strategy was used, defined as a series of tensions, contradictions and fluctuations, focusing on explaining the essence of the problem by identifying the subject of cognition and the usefulness of the research results. In the research process, the method of researching the content of the selected literature on the subject was also used, consisting in the coherent application of reasoning operations (analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalization, inference) and reduction, taxonomic, heuristic and constructive thinking strategies. The cognition process was guided by critical thinking about the research results and the assumption was made that: it is necessary to critically perceive the existing methodological assumptions used separately in research on peace and armed conflicts; it is necessary to use analyzes and comparisons of cases of deviations from commonly perceived research assumptions, in which, mainly in quantitative and empirical strategies, there is a possibility of unequivocal decidability, however, in qualitative strategies it is not possible, which makes the research result uncertain; it is not possible to unequivocally verify the hypotheses in the process of qualitative research, however, the obtained result allows to reflectively relate to the studied reality; finding the impact of irenological-polemological knowledge on global changes in thinking and applying the assumptions of social, political and civilization coexistence is impossible, but such tendencies can be observed in the decisions of individual people if they declare that their thinking has sources in irenological-polemological knowledge; we can perceive irenological and polemological knowledge as the idea of ​​thinking about the surrounding reality.