The article highlights issues in the area of ​​broadly understood economic threats to the security of the modern state. The economic threats to the security of the modern state are the subject of the considerations undertaken in this study. The article is theoretical and empirical in nature, and its purpose is to define the role and significance of economic threats to security that have a huge impact on the stable functioning of the state. They are based on a review of the available literature, own experience and the author's observations. Analyzing the threats to the economic foundations of state security from the content of the concepts of state security and economic security, this article indicates two positions in this matter: the first, focusing on identifying threats through the negative effects of various influences on the possibility of implementing by a given object or entity values ​​essential for it; the second, which consists in locating threats among various types of conflicts. The content of this publication emphasizes the role of threats to the economic foundations of the state's economic security. Economic threats to the state are identified with external and internal processes that may result in the economy's inability to meet justified needs, or the loss of adequacy or the deepening of the mismatch of the economic basis of security to meet the requirements resulting from conflicts. A threat will be, for example, the maladjustment of entities to the functioning and implementation of goals, under the pressure of competition. Threats to Poland's economic security also result from international economic relations, which, apart from the benefits of the international division of labor and international economic turnover, also create the external potential of economic threats. The most general sign of the emergence of sources and potential of significant threats to the state's economic security is the imbalance in economic exchange with foreign countries, as well as its structure. In this article, the author emphasizes the essence of selecting threats from among various impacts, which can only be made on the basis of adopting appropriate criteria.